Complete Guide to Paddy Cultivation in Sri Lanka

Introduction

Paddy (rice) cultivation is the backbone of Sri Lankan agriculture, covering over 700,000 hectares of land. With proper knowledge and inputs, farmers can achieve yields of 5-7 tons per hectare using modern varieties and best practices.

Land Preparation

Proper land preparation is crucial for successful paddy cultivation. Plough the field 2-3 times to a depth of 15-20cm. Break clods and level the field thoroughly. Apply base fertilizers before transplanting.

Variety Selection

Choose a variety suited to your agro-ecological zone. Popular varieties include BG 352, BG 358, BG 359 for lowland wet zone and AT 308, BG 300 for dry zone conditions.

Water Management

Maintain 5-10cm water depth during vegetative stage. Drain field 10-14 days before harvest. Proper water management can increase yields by 20-30%.

Fertilizer Schedule

Apply Urea at 3 stages: basal, tillering and panicle initiation. Use TSP at basal stage and MOP at panicle initiation. Follow Department of Agriculture recommendations for your district.